Галушка Дмитрий, Galushka Dmitry, diger – blog

mouse down — Eject removable media ( I think Boot ROMs prior to 2.4f1 excluded the CD drive )
opt — Bring up OF system picker on New World machines
cmd-opt — Hold down until 2nd chime, will boot into Mac OS 9 ?
cmd-x (or just x?) — Will boot into Mac OS X if 9 and X are on the same partition and that’s the partition you’re booting from.
cmd-opt-shift-delete — Bypass startup drive and boot from external (or CD). This actually forces the system to NOT load the driver for the default volume, which has the side effect mentioned above. For SCSI devices it searches from highest ID to lowest for a partition with a bootable system. Not sure about IDE drives.
cmd-opt-shift-delete-# — Boot from a specific SCSI ID # (# = SCSI ID number)
cmd-opt-p-r — Zap PRAM. Hold down until second chime.
cmd-opt-n-v — Clear NV RAM. Similar to reset-all in Open Firmware.
cmd-opt-o-f — Boot into open firmware
cmd-opt-t-v — Force Quadra AV machines to use TV as a monitor
cmd-opt-x-o — Boot from ROM (Mac Classic only)
cmd-opt-a-v — Force an AV monitor to be recognized as one
c — Boot from CD. If set to boot to X and no CD is present, may boot to 9.
d — Force the internal hard disk to be the startup device
n — Hold down until Mac logo, will attempt to boot from network server (using BOOTP or TFTP)
r — Force PowerBooks to reset the screen
t — Put FireWire machine into FireWire Target Disk mode
z — Attempt to boot using the devalias zip from first bootable partition found
shift — (Classic only) Disable Extensions
shift — (OS X, 10.1.3 and later) Disables login items. Also disables non-essential kernel extensions (safe boot mode)
cmd — (Classic only) Boot with Virtual Memory off
space — (Classic only) Trigger extension manager at boot-up
cmd-v — (OS X only) show console messages during boot
cmd-s — (OS X only) boot into single user mode
Did not work simply ‘z’?

http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/suzanne/startup.html
http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_boot.html
Macintosh Startup Keys And Other Useful Bits…

Note: Apple seem to change their minds about what to call keys that aren’t part of the standard English keyboard. Therefore depending on which keyboard you’re using the keys you need to press may have different names and may be in a different location. The naming convention used in this document is:
Cmd The key usually to the left of the space bar variously labelled with an ‘apple’ or a ‘prezel’ (square thing with round corners) or the word ‘command’.
Opt The key usually second to the left of the space bar variously labelled ‘alt’ or ‘option’
Ctrl The key usually third to the left of the space bar variously labelled: ‘ctrl’ or ‘control’.
Shift The Shift key used usually to make single letters uppercase. Not the Caps Lock key which makes all letters uppercase.
Del The backspace delete button (i.e the delete button that deletes the letter before the cursor). This may be labelled ‘delete’ or ‘backspace’. Not to be confused with the button marked ‘delete’ on some keyboards which deletes the letter after the cursor.
Power The key that you would press on your keyboard to start the machine up if you have a soft-start machine. Not all keyboards have a power key (notably the later USB keyboards) in such cases the power button on the machine itself will usually perform the same function. A hard start machine (one with a fixed on/off power button) may still have a soft power button on its keyboard which will perform in the same way once the machine has started to boot.
Esc The Escape key usually on the top left of the keyboard labelled ‘esc’. May be to the right of the space bar on older keyboards.
Fn The Function key used on PowerBooks to access other they commands
Boot ROM commands

Immediately the Macintosh has power it should start the booting process by reading the Boot ROM. To control how it boots:
Cmd-Opt-P-R Zap the PRAM. Hold these keys down until you have heard the mac chime two or preferably three times.
Cmd-Opt-N-V Clear NVRAM
Cmd-Opt-Shift-Del Bypass startup drive and boot from next available boot device (SCSI or IDE). Can be used to boot from external CD-ROM drives.
C Boot from internal CD-ROM drive (most models).
N Boot from Network (iMac and later models)
Cmd-Opt-O-F Boot into Open Firmware on ‘New World’ machines (G3 and later). If you have an older ‘New World’ mac you may need to use Apple’s Startup Disk program to get the machine to stop at the Open Firmware ok> prompt. See below. NOTE: There is no OpenFirmware on the Intel macs!
Opt Allows you to select boot system using Open Firmware on ‘New World’ machines (G3 and later). Release when you see the blue screen. Can be used to boot from CD-ROM if other Boot key commands fail.
T Boot into FireWire Target Mode (or into SCSI Target Mode). ie. machine boots as an external drive when connected to another machine.
Mouse button Eject floppy disc or CD then boot as normal.
Cmd-Option-Shift-Del-# Boot from a specific SCSI ID, where # is a number from 0 to 6
R Force PowerBook to reset the screen
Z Boot from internal Zip drive
D Boot from internal disc if the default boot device (startup disc) has been set to something else.
Cmd-Opt-A-V Reset AppleVision Display (1.5.2 or later)
Cmd-Opt-T-V Force Quadra AV (only) to use TV as monitor
Cmd-Opt-X-O Force Mac Classic (only) to boot from ROM
Cmd-S Boot into Single User Mode
sh /etc/rc Once you’ve booted into Single User Mode as above, this will continue booting (giving you network et al) but stay in Single User Mode
Shift Disables login items and disables non-essential kernel extensions (safe boot mode)
Cmd-V Show console messages during boot

Open Firmware Commands

‘New World’ macs (G3 machines and later) can be booted into Open Firmware which allows a command-line interface to reset perameters and control further booting. If you have an older ‘New World’ mac you may need to use Apple’s Startup Disk program to get the machine to stop at the Open Firmware ok> prompt.
The most useful sequence of Open Firmware commands is to reset the machine to factory defaults (not disimilar to reseting the PRAM). At the ok> prompt type the following then press Enter (Return):

reset-NVRAM
Initialises the NVRAM on Open Firmware version 3
init-NVRAM
Initialises the NVRAM on Open Firmware version 2
set-defaults
I assume sets certain default values
reset-all
Writes the new settings to the NVRAM and reboots the machine
Other Open Firmware commands and settings can be obtained by typing:

printenv
Prints the environments currently set like auto-boot etc.
eject cd
Opens the CD drawer
boot cd:9,SystemLibraryCoreServicesBootX
or
boot cd:9,\:tbxi
Boots from problematic OSX boot CDs (for when ‘c’ fails!)
The following section of the document is copyright netbsd.org and is used without permission
Further Open Firmware Commands (© NetBSD)

What is Open Firmware, and why do I care?

Briefly, it is a command environment using the FORTH language which the NetBSD kernel uses to gether information about your system, and to control some of your devices. It is part of the boot ROMs in most PowerPC-based Macintosh systems, and we use it to load the kernel from disk or network.
Open Firmware, as specified by «IEEE Std 1275-1994: IEEE Standard for Boot Firmware (Initialization Configuration) Firmware: Core Requirements and Practices» and its supplements, is a platform-independent boot firmware. It is based on Sun’s OpenBoot firmware, and uses ANS Forth as a processor-independent interface language.

You can find more about Open Firmware at the Open Firmware Working Group home page or at the Apple Computer Open Firmware Home Page.

Which version of Open Firmware does my machine have?

From the Open Firmware prompt type:
0 > dev /openprom
0 > .properties
name openprom
device_type BootROM
model OpenFirmware 3
relative-addressing
supports-bootinfo

ok
Alternatively, any machine which did not ship with a G3 or G4 processor is either Open Firmware 1.0.5 or 2.0.x. All desktop models without an internal floppy drive have Open Firmware 3. All laptop models without built-in SCSI have Open Firmware 3.

Note: Open Firmware 3 systems have a rewritable «firmware», also called the BootROM. When you use an Apple firmware updater, it updates the BootROM. This will not change the version of Open Firmware in your machine – it will still be Open Firmware 3. The BootROM is what is first executed when you power on or reset your system. The BootROM then loads Open Firmware, which boots your operating system.

This BootROM version can be found using Apple System Profiler in MacOS. Often, it is listed on the first line of your screen when you first boot into Open Firmware. For example, my PowerBook (FireWire) prints:

Apple PowerBook3,1 2.1f1 BootROM built on 01/29/00 at 22:38:07
Copyright 1994-2000 Apple Computer, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

Welcome to Open Firmware.
[...]
indicating that the BootROM version is 2.1f1.

How do I get a listing (in Open Firmware) of the files on my disk?

With the dir command, of course!
The syntax is simply dir device:[partition], where device is the devalias or full path to the device you’re trying to get a listing of and [partition] is the partition number to get the listing of. If you do not specify the partition number, Open Firmware will try to find the first partition it understands. The comma separates the device and partition from the directory or files.

Open Firmware uses backslash characters to separate directories, and you must specify the top level of a device with an «». You can also get directory listings of individual files or files in folders using backslash characters to separate directories.

Keep in mind that the Open Firmware dir command can only list the contents of file systems that Open Firmware understands. For Open Firmware 1.0.5, 1.1.22, and 2.0.x, you can use ISO 9660 (not hybrid) and MS-DOS. For Open Firmware 2.4, you can use ISO 9660, HFS, HFS+, and MS-DOS. For Open Firmware 3, you can use hybrid ISO 9660/HFS (not pure ISO 9660), HFS, HFS+, and MS-DOS.

For example, to get a listing of the files on a floppy, type:

0 > dir fd:,
To get a listing of the files on a CD-ROM, type (for example):
0 > dir scsi-int/sd@3:,
To get a listing of the files in the macppc folder on an HFS partition, type:
0 > dir hd:9,macppc
To get your client’s dhcp or bootp information from ethernet, type:
0 > dir enet:
What can I do at the Open Firmware prompt?

You can configure various properties of your system related to booting. This table merely lists the common commands you might be using and their syntax.
command name comment
dev device changes to current device in Open Firmware device tree (similar to cd in a filesystem)
ls lists the devices below the current node in the device tree (similar to ls in a filesystem)
pwd lists the location of the current node in the device tree (similar to pwd in a filesystem)
words lists the FORTH commands available at the current node in the device tree.
To boot, a device must have at least the word `open’
.properties lists the properties of the current node in the device tree
printenv prints the current and default values of the settings in the Open Firmware environment
setenv variable value sets a new value for a particular Open Firmware variable.
set-default variable sets the variable to its default value.
boot boot-device boot-file loads and runs a program boot-file on boot-device, we use it to load ofwboot (the «partition zero» bootloader) or ofwboot.xcf and then the NetBSD kernel
dir device print a listing of the files on a particular device (the same as ls in unix)
eject fd eject a floppy disk
reset-all permanently store the Open Firmware environment variables and reboot the computer
shut-down permanently store the Open Firmware environment variables and power down the computer
bye Boot MacOS on an Open Firmware 1.0.5, 2.0.x, or 2.4 system
mac-boot Boot MacOS on an Open Firmware 3 system
devalias alias device modify or create an alias to a device (similar to alias in csh and its variants)
With no options, it lists all current device aliases
nvalias alias device permanently modify or create an alias to a device (similar to alias in csh and its variants)
With no options, it lists all stored device aliases
Additionally, here are a few handy keystrokes for effective Open Firmware use:
keystroke function
Backspace delete back one character
Delete delete back one character
^h delete back one character
^d delete forward one character
Enter send line to FORTH parser
^b move back one character
^f move forward one character
ESC b move back one word
ESC f move forward one word
^a move back to beginning of line
^e move forward to end of line
ESC h delete and save back to beginning of word
^w delete and save back to beginning of word
ESC d delete and save forward to end of word
^k delete and save forward to end of line
^u delete and save entire line
^r retype line
^q quote next character
^y insert saved characters before cursor
^p previous line in history
^n next line in history
^l display history
^space if word so far has a unique completion, complete it if word so far has several completions, fill in as many characters as possible if word so far has no completions, erase characters until there is at least one completion
^/ show completions (maybe none) for word so far
^? show completions (maybe none) for word so far
^@ same as ^space (Apple-specific)
^o same as ^/ (Apple-specific)
^ same as ^b (Apple-specific)
^] same as ^f (Apple-specific)
^^ same as ^p (Apple-specific)
^_ same as ^n (Apple-specific)
$NetBSD: faq.html,v 1.126 2003/01/02 00:35:32 jschauma Exp $
Copyright © 1998-2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OS Startup Keys

Once you get the happy mac release any boot keys and press keys to control how the OS starts up.
OS9 and earlier
Cmd Boot with Virtual Memory turned off
Shift Boot with only the minimum Apple extensions and control panels loaded (note this excludes any network). Release the shift key when the message «Extensions Disabled» appears.
Space Open Extensions Manager before loading any extensions or control panels. Realse Space bar when the Extensions Manager displays.
Finder Startup

Once you see the blank manu bar press keys to control the Finder:
OS9
Cmd-Opt Rebuild the desktop
Opt Do not open Finder windows
Shift Disable Startup Items
OSX
Shift Do not open Finder windows. Note the Windows’ states aren’t changed and will be opened if you reboot.

After Startup in Finder

There are many keyboard shortcuts. Here are some useful ones!
Cmd-Opt-Esc Force current application to quit. In OS9 and earlier this may not be the application you want to quit!. In OSX the Task Manager appears to allow you to force quit specific applications.
Cmd-Ctrl-Power Force a reboot.
Cmd-Ctrl-Opt-Power Force a shutdown.
Cmd-Opt-Power Put later PowerBooks and Desktops to sleep
Cmd-Ctrl-Opt-Power PowerBook 500 only: Reset Power Manager
Shift-Fn-Ctrl-Power PowerBook G3/G4 only: Reset Power Manager
Other Little Goodies

OSX
At the OSX login box type:

>console
as the username and leave the password blank, you will be taken to the classic UNIX login in multi-user mode. This allows you to login with standard username and password. When you’ve finished type:
logout
and after a few seconds you are returned to the GUI login.
If the OSX Finder crashes (which is still does…occasionally) you can usually restart it from the Task Manager (cmd-opt-esc) however if it has crashed badly the Task Manager never appears because it is part of the crashed Finder! The the only option left is to reboot the computer which is annoying because it is only the Finder that has crashed, not everything else that your machine might be doing. However if you can ssh into your machine from another computer you can manually force a restart of the Finder thus saving a whole computer reboot:

ssh root@yourmachine.com
ps -aux | grep Finder
kill
/System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/MacOS/Finder -psn_0_655361